- شرح لاهم الفروقات في اللغة الانكليزية - عند المقارنة بين شيئين مختلفين او فكرتين خاصة عندما يتعين عليك الاختيار بينهما ....


 

What's the Difference Between

 The Correct Way to Use Each

 Confused Words - 1

 

To, too and two are homophones 
meaning the sound exactly the same as each other
إن الكلمات متجانسة النطق، أي أنها تنطق بنفس النطق تمامًا.
To

as a preposition to express motion towards a physical destination or condition

1- تُستخدم بشكل أساسي كحرف جر يعني "في اتجاه نحو". كلمة "تربط اسمًا أو ضميرًا بمعلومات أخرى في الجملة.

تعني "To" بالإضافة إلى ، أو كذلك ، أو  بشكل مفرط ، أو بشكل كبير.

كحرف جر للتعبير عن الحركة نحو وجهة أو حالة نفسية.

Are you talking to me? (Preposition)

 We’re going to Disney World. (Preposition)

I am going to the store. (Preposition)

His mood changed from sorrow to joy. (Condition)


can be used to as an identifier for someone affected by something

2- تعريف لشخص متأثر او مرتبط بشيء ما

You were rude to me. (affected by something)

They regularly give to charity. (affected by something)


is used for identifying relationships

3 - تُستخدم  لتحديد العلاقات

Harry is married to Hailey. (relationships)

She’s the top advisor to the President. (relationships)


is used for indicating things that are attached

4 - تُستخدم  للإشارة إلى الأشياء المتصلة

The headboard is attached to the bed. (things that are attached)

Canada will forever be linked to Britain. (things that are attached)


And in place of an unspoken infinitive at the end of a sentence

5 - وبدلاً من صيغة المصدر غير المنطوقة في نهاية الجملة

Look. I just don’t want to (go, feed the dog, let in the cat)

Do I have to (go, feed the dog, let in the cat?)


Part of an infinitive

6 - يمكن أن يكون  (to) جزءًا من فعل المصدر.

You should be prepared to go. (infinitive)

I always like to walk to my locker. (infinitive) (Preposition)

Her goal was to read the entire Harry Potter series in one month. (infinitive) 

She hopes to be an astronaut. (infinitive) 


will do something in the future

7 - سيفعل شيئًا في المستقبل.

Kevin is going to. (future)

Too

can also be used as an adverb that means excessively, or a regrettable extent, or more than enough, superfluously, or to a higher degree than is possible, extremely or necessary

و يمكن استخدام كظرف بمعنى مفرط, إلى حد مؤسف ، أو بدرجة أعلى مما هو ممكن , أكثر من كافٍ، بشكل زائد عن الحاجة أو ضروري.

Stop the car; you are going too fast. (excessively)

That movie is too corny for my taste. (excessively)

Elaine was too timid in the workplace. (higher degree than is possible)


Two

is a number, a group of more than one thing and less than three things

الرقم الأساسي (2) وهو مجموع واحد زائد واحد. 

يُستخدم كوسيلة للتعبير عن وحدة مكونة من شخصين أو شيئين.

There are two Sundays in a fortnight. (number)

Peter and Paul are the two best basketball players in college. (number) 

can also specifically refer to years of age

يمكن أن يشير  إلى سنوات العمر على وجه التحديد

My baby is two. (age)

The twins will be two in August. (age)

Other examples


  • Correct or Incorrect

I am going too the movies. Incorrect
I am going to the movies. Correct

The movies? I am going to. Incorrect
The movies? I am going too. Correct


Robert DeNiro is in the movie, Al Pacino to. Incorrect
Robert DeNiro is in the movie, Al Pacino too. Correct
 

 We like too eat popcorn at the movies, and drink sodas to. Incorrect
We like to eat popcorn at the movies, and drink sodas too. Correct
 

 Is It  Too Late or To Late 

إذا كنت تحاول أن تقول إن الوقت قد فات للقيام بشيء ما، فإن العبارة الصحيحة التي يجب استخدامها هي (Too Late).

  • It was too late to make a change

 


Its - It's (one word or two)
Its
one word - (a possessive pronoun) of, belonging to, made by, or done by it.  means something that belongs to it

صفة ملكية تعني (الخاص به ، الخاص بها لغير العاقل المفرد). تدل على الامتلاك وتاتي قبل الموصوف(المملوك).

صفات الملكية ايضا 

my , your , his , her , our , their

The kitten is chasing its tail. (a possessive pronoun)

The puppy played with its toy. (a possessive pronoun)

The dog is playing with its ball. (a possessive pronoun)

The house and its garden are beautiful.  (a possessive pronoun)

its > صفة الملكية

(tail, toy, ball, garden) > المملوك

It's

is short for - two words - a contraction of (it is, or it has)

هي اختصار (it is) او (it has).

It's good. (=It is good)

It's fun to go out with friends. (It is fun to go with friends)

It's hot today. (=It is hot today)

It's started. (=It has started)

It's finished early. (=It has finished early)


كيف افرق بين (it is) او (it has).

الفعل الذي بعده هو يحدد :

اذا الفعل تصريف ثالث  Past participle (finished, taken, been)

 اذن هي اختصار (it has).

عدا ذلك هي اختصار (it is).


 


these pairs of words sound exactly alike, but they are in fact spelled differently and mean different things, making them homophone (same sounds)

هذه الكلمات ، تبدو متشابهة تمامًا، لكنها في الواقع مكتوبة بشكل مختلف وتعني أشياء مختلفة، مما يجعلها متجانسة النطق.

There - Adverb / Pronoun

There is an adverb that means in or at that place. there is the opposite of here. This is what’s known as an adverb of place, which answers the question where an action is taking place. Many common adverbs end in -ly, like quickly, usually, and completely, but not all adverbs do.

 there  ظرف يعني في أو في ذلك المكان. فإن كلمة there هي في الأساس عكس كلمة here. هذا ما يُعرف بظرف المكان(وعادة ما تستخدم كظرف للمكان)، والذي يجيب على السؤال حول مكان حدوث الفعل . تنتهي العديد من الظروف الشائعة بـ -ly، ولكن ليس كل الظروف تنتهي بـ -ly.

is an adverb (Location (Where)) describing a place 

She is there now. (Adverb)

The keys are there. (Adverb)

Have you been to Greece? Yes, I went there. (Adverb)

I saw her standing there. (Adverb)

I left the book there.  (Adverb)

is often used to denote a specific location

غالبًا ما تستخدم كلمة there للإشارة إلى مكان معين

We will meet there after work and head to the concert together. (specific location)

can be used to pinpoint locations in the more abstract sense as well

يمكن استخدام كلمة there لتحديد المواقع بالمعنى الأكثر تجريدًا أيضًا

As my oldest friend, you have been there for me through thick and thin. (pinpoint locations)

(Is also used as a pronoun to begin a sentence (introducing the subject of a sentence or clause

There + is / are = something exists

تُستخدم there أيضًا كضمير لتقديم فاعل الجملة أو العبارة

There is still hope. (Pronoun)

There is a pen in my bag. (Pronoun)

They are going out to dinner tonight.  (Pronoun)

They are married. (Pronoun)

Their

 possessive adjective - this is when something belongs to (they), made by, or done by them. Something other people have or won. Usually modifies a Noun

صفة الملكية

كلمة their هي صيغة التملك للضمير they. وغالبًا ما يتبعها اسم، وتشير their إلى الملكية وتصف شيئًا مملوكًا لشخص واحد أو أكثر.

their وبما  أنها تشير إلى الحيازة أو الملكية. وهذا يعني أنها تُستخدم عادةً كضمير شخص ثالث(a third-person pronoun) ، لوصف اسم مملوك لعدة أشخاص.

They are learning English at their school.  (possessive adjective)

They left their cell phones at home. (possessive adjective)

While Martha and Vinny were on vacation, we dog-sat their two poodles. (a noun that is owned by several people)

على الرغم من أن there تُستخدم عمومًا في صيغة الجمع، إلا أنها تُستخدم أيضًا كضمير شخصي محايد بين الجنسين بدلاً من his أو her. بعد كلمات مثل someone. 

Someone left their book on the table. (personal pronoun in place of his or her)

Someone left their purse on the subway. (personal pronoun in place of his or her)

They're

Contraction of (They are)

كلمة they’re هي اختصار يعني "هم".

They are + Adjective

They are + verb-ing

من المهم أن نذكر أن الاختصارات غير مرغوب فيها في الكتابة الأكاديمية أو الرسمية وهي أكثر شيوعًا في الاتصالات غير الرسمية، مثل الرسائل النصية أو الملاحظات الشخصية.

Did you hear they’re both retiring after this school year? (=They are)

They’re two of my favorite books. (=They are) 

They're tall. (= They are tall)

They're studying. (= They are studying)

They're going to be late. (= They are going to be late)


  

Lay and Lie are both verbs. They are similar, but not the same
Lay (pLAce) to place

 to place or put something down flat. The verb 'lay' always has an object. In other words: you always lay something.  to put something down (to place down), often gently, into a position (usually a horizontal position), to put someone or something else in a horizontal resting position

وضع شيء ما، غالبًا برفق، في وضع (عادةً ما يكون وضعًا أفقيًا) . وضع (شيء أو شخص) في وضع مسطح. 

وضع شيء ما في وضعية السكون.


Let's lay our blanket on the grass. (place our blanket)

The policeman told him to lay his gun on the ground. (place gun)

She laid the baby on the bed. (place baby)

This chicken lays three eggs every day.  (place eggs)



 is something that we do to other people or things

هو شيء نفعله بأشخاص أو أشياء أخرى.

He opened the books and laid them on the desk. (place books)

I have laid the carpet. You can walk on it now. (place carpet)

I don’t like to lay my purse on the floor. (place purse)

[ my purse is the direct object of the transitive verb lay]

The dogs always lay their toys next to their water bowls. (place toys)



lay is a transitive verb, which means it uses a direct object

lay هو فعل متعد، مما يعني أنه يستخدم مفعولًا مباشرًا . الفعل "lay" له دائمًا مفعول به. يجب أن يكون هناك شيء أو شخص يتم وضعه




 

(irregular, transitive)

Present/Past Tense/Past Participle = lay/laid/laid + [object] + on [location]


Lie (recLIne) to recline

to be in a flat position on a surface

أن يكون في وضع مسطح على سطح ما

to be in or put yourself in a horizontal resting position

وضع شخص أو شيء آخر في وضع أفقي للراحة

You lie down, but you lay something down

أنت تستلقي، لكنك تضع شيئًا على الأرض. أن يكون في وضع مسطح على سطح

rest or to recline  لراحة أو الاستلقاء في وضع مسطح

is something that we do to ourselves

و شيء نفعله بأنفسنا

 

Let's lie in the grass. (Present Tense - to recline)

Let sleeping dogs lie. (Present Tense - to recline - Idiom)

Don't just lay there, do something! (Past Tense - to recline)

I feel sick. I want to lie on the bed. (to recline)

I lay down for a few hours. (Past Tense - to recline)

He loves this mat. Yesterday, he lay here all day. (Tense)

She has lain in bed since she got ill. (Past participle)

After the air crash, wreckage was lying all over the place. (present participle)

I have lain here since. (Past participle)

I lie on the sofa when I'm tired. (Tense)

I always lie on a bench to do this exercise. (Tense)

The fat cat likes to lie in the sun. (rest)



[ the intransitive verb lie stands alone; it has no direct object]

Yesterday, he lay down to sleep at ten o’clock. Tonight, he won’t lie down until 

midnight. (Past + Present)


 


The word lie is an intransitive verb, which means it does not use a direct object., describing something moving on its own or already in position

كلمة lie هي فعل لازم، مما يعني أنها لا تستخدم مفعولاً مباشرًا , المعنى مكتمل بدون مفعول به. يصف شيئًا يتحرك من تلقاء نفسه أو يكون في موضعه بالفعل. يمكنك الاستلقاء هناك. يمكنك الاستلقاء هناك طوال اليوم.

 

(irregular, intransitive)

Present/Past Tense/Past Participle = lie/lay/lain

Lie

to say something untrue. say something that is not true. The verb lie can mean to tell a falsehood

قول شيء غير صحيح . يعني الفعل إخبار كذب.

lie is a regular verb and has no direct object. The past tense is always -ed.

هو فعل منتظم وليس له مفعول مباشر. زمن الماضي دائمًا -ed.


Sometimes children lie to get out of trouble. (untrue)

Some people lie about their age. (untrue)

John lies about everything. (untrue)

I'm forty-nine, he lied. (untrue)

We have all lied a few times in our lives. (untrue)

That's not true! You're lying!  (untrue)

 

(regular, intransitive)

Present/Past Tense/Past Participle = lie, lied, lied

 

  

الجزء الاول 

ويرجى متابعة المقالات اللاحقة

شكرا للقارئ الكريم